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Related Concept Videos

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction01:26

Cushing Syndrome I: Introduction

Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...
Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Acromegaly associated with multiple tumors.

Naoko Sekizawa1, Eri Hayakawa, Kyoichiro Tsuchiya

  • 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo.

Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan)
|August 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This rare case highlights acromegaly (excess growth hormone) linked to multiple cancers, including renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, and thyroid tumors. The pituitary tumor secreted growth hormone, contributing to these associated malignancies.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Acromegaly, a condition caused by excess growth hormone (GH), is associated with an increased risk of certain cancers.
  • Pituitary adenomas are the most common cause of acromegaly.
  • The co-occurrence of acromegaly with multiple distinct tumors is exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A 56-year-old male presented with symptoms and endocrine data indicative of acromegaly, alongside a pituitary tumor.
  • The patient was also diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma, colon cancer, and a follicular thyroid tumor.
  • Surgical removal of the pituitary tumor via transsphenoidal surgery was performed.

Findings:

  • Pathological examination confirmed the pituitary tumor as a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma.
  • Tumor specimens showed evidence of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) components.
  • This case represents a rare association of acromegaly with multiple distinct cancers.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the complex relationship between endocrine disorders and oncogenesis.
  • Further research is warranted to explore potential shared pathways or genetic predispositions.
  • Clinical vigilance for associated malignancies is crucial in patients diagnosed with acromegaly.