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Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...

Gastric Phase of Digestion

Gastric Phase of Digestion

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Published on: September 22, 2023

Corpus predominant gastritis: what does it mean?

Hala El-Zimaity¹

¹Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. zimaity@mcmaster.ca

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

|August 6, 2009

Summary

Autoimmune gastritis features are increasingly observed in the elderly, regardless of Helicobacter pylori status. Long-term proton pump inhibitor use may contribute to these changes, independent of genetic predisposition.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Gastric Point of Care Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation

Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Immunology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is an immune-mediated disease targeting gastric parietal cells.
Parietal cell antibodies were historically considered specific to AIG.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current literature on the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune gastritis.
To highlight recent findings and ongoing debates in AIG research.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent studies on autoimmune gastritis.
Analysis of reported associations between AIG features, Helicobacter pylori, and other factors.

Main Results:

Parietal cell antibodies are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, and eradication reduces these antibodies.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is increasingly noted in the elderly, independent of H. pylori.
AIG and related gastritis patterns are reported globally, including in China and Japan.
The roles of genetics, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, and H. pylori in AIG pathogenesis remain debated due to inconsistent diagnostic screening.

Conclusions:

Clinical manifestations of AIG are more prevalent in the elderly, irrespective of H. pylori status.
Long-term PPI use can induce AIG-like clinicopathologic features, potentially overriding genetic predispositions.