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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing
10:42

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Published on: March 22, 2019

Experimental study of high sensitivity infrared spectrometer with waveguide-based up-conversion detector(1).

Lijun Ma1, Oliver Slattery, Xiao Tang

  • 1Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. lijun.ma@nist.gov

Optics Express
|August 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

We developed a sensitive up-conversion spectrometer for infrared signals. This device achieves high sensitivity for single photon detection, enabling measurements of extremely low light levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Spectroscopy
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Infrared spectroscopy requires sensitive detectors for low-light applications.
  • Up-conversion techniques offer a pathway to detect infrared photons using visible-light sensitive detectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel up-conversion spectrometer for single photon level measurements in the near-infrared region.
  • To evaluate the performance metrics of the developed spectrometer, including sensitivity, efficiency, and speed.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide as the core conversion medium for the up-conversion detector.
  • Experimentally investigated key performance characteristics: sensitivity, dark count rate, spectral scan speed, signal transfer function, and polarization sensitivity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an overall single photon detection efficiency of approximately 32%.
  • Demonstrated ultra-high sensitivity, capable of measuring spectra at signal levels as low as -126 dBm.
  • Successfully measured the spectrum of an attenuated laser diode emission at 1310 nm.

Conclusions:

  • The developed up-conversion spectrometer exhibits excellent performance for sensitive infrared spectral measurements.
  • The device's high sensitivity and efficiency make it suitable for applications requiring the detection of weak infrared signals at the single photon level.