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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions02:06

Allergic Reactions

Overview
Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Hypersensitivities01:30

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
07:22

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis

Published on: May 31, 2021

Basophil responsiveness in chronic urticaria.

Sarbjit S Saini1

  • 1Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. ssaini@jhmi.edu

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|August 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) involves blood basophil changes, with fewer basophils in active disease and altered IgE receptor function. These blood basophil degranulation changes may serve as a biomarker for CIU.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Chronic urticaria (CIU) is a prevalent skin condition with unknown causes in most cases.
  • Its symptoms resemble allergic reactions, suggesting a role for IgE receptor activation on mast cells and basophils, though external allergens are unidentified.
  • Emerging research highlights the involvement of blood basophils in CIU's manifestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of blood basophils in chronic idiopathic urticaria.
  • To explore alterations in IgE receptor-mediated degranulation and signaling molecules in blood basophils during active CIU and remission.
  • To assess the potential of blood basophil degranulation as a biomarker for CIU.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study comparing blood basophil counts and function in active CIU patients versus healthy controls.
  • Analysis of IgE receptor-mediated degranulation in blood basophils.
  • Assessment of IgE receptor-signaling molecule expression levels in blood basophils from CIU subjects.

Main Results:

  • Active CIU is associated with blood basopenia (a decrease in blood basophils).
  • Blood basophils migrate to skin lesions in active CIU.
  • Blood basophils exhibit altered IgE receptor-mediated degranulation, which normalizes upon disease remission.
  • Changes in IgE receptor-signaling molecule expression correlate with altered degranulation in active CIU.

Conclusions:

  • Blood basophils play a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria.
  • Altered blood basophil degranulation patterns and IgE receptor signaling are characteristic of active CIU.
  • Blood basophil degranulation function shows promise as a potential biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring CIU, especially with new anti-IgE therapies.