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Related Concept Videos

Mesh Analysis with Current Sources01:10

Mesh Analysis with Current Sources

Mesh analysis becomes simpler when analyzing circuits with current sources, whether independent or dependent. The presence of current sources reduces the number of equations required for analysis. Two cases illustrate this:
Current Source in One Mesh: The analysis process is straightforward when a current source is found in only one mesh within the circuit. Mesh currents are assigned as usual, with the mesh containing the current source excluded from the analysis. Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL)...
Boundary Conditions for Current Density01:25

Boundary Conditions for Current Density

Current density becomes discontinuous across an interface of materials with different electrical conductivities. The normal component of the current density is continuous across the boundary.
Kirchhoff's Current Law01:04

Kirchhoff's Current Law

In the realm of electrical engineering, physicist Gustav Robert Kirchhoff made a significant contribution in 1847 by introducing Kirchhoff's laws for electric circuit analysis. These laws, particularly Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), have become foundational principles in understanding and analyzing electrical circuits.
Kirchhoff's Current Law is based on the principle of charge conservation. It states that at any node (a point where two or more circuit elements meet) in an electrical circuit,...
Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents01:13

Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Currents

Two long, straight, and parallel current-carrying conductors exert a force of equal magnitude on one another. The direction of the force depends on the current direction in the conductors.
The force exerted by the magnetic field due to the first conductor over a finite length of the second conductor is given as the product of the current in the second conductor and  the vector product of the length vector along the current element and the field due to the first conductor. According to the...
Mesh Analysis01:20

Mesh Analysis

Mesh analysis is a valuable method for simplifying circuit analysis using mesh currents as key circuit variables. Unlike nodal analysis, which focuses on determining unknown voltages, mesh analysis applies Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) to find unknown currents within a circuit. This method is particularly convenient in reducing the number of simultaneous equations that need to be solved.
A fundamental concept in mesh analysis is the definition of meshes and mesh currents. A mesh is a closed...
Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Reconfigurable Microfluidic Channel with Pin-discretized Sidewalls
10:39

Reconfigurable Microfluidic Channel with Pin-discretized Sidewalls

Published on: April 12, 2018

Rectification currents in two-dimensional artificial channels.

Fabio Marchesoni1, Sergey Savel'ev

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Camerino, I-62032 Camerino, Italy and Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We investigated particle transport in 2D asymmetric channels, revealing genuine 2D rectification effects beyond approximate models. These findings, including current pumping and gating, have potential applications in superconducting devices.

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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Reconfigurable Microfluidic Channel with Pin-discretized Sidewalls
10:39

Reconfigurable Microfluidic Channel with Pin-discretized Sidewalls

Published on: April 12, 2018

Measurement of Ion Concentration in the Unstirred Boundary Layer with Open Patch-Clamp Pipette: Implications in Control of Ion Channels by Fluid Flow
05:42

Measurement of Ion Concentration in the Unstirred Boundary Layer with Open Patch-Clamp Pipette: Implications in Control of Ion Channels by Fluid Flow

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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions
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Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

Published on: September 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Brownian motion describes random particle movement.
  • Transport in confined geometries is crucial for nanotechnology.
  • Asymmetric channels can induce directed motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate driven transport of noninteracting Brownian particles in 2D asymmetric channels.
  • To fully account for longitudinal and transverse diffusions.
  • To identify and explain bona fide two-dimensional rectification effects.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation of particle dynamics.
  • Full consideration of coupled longitudinal and transverse diffusions.
  • Analysis of particle current under external biases.

Main Results:

  • Observed genuine 2D rectification effects not predicted by Fick-Jacobs kinetics.
  • Characterized current pumping by a transverse AC bias.
  • Demonstrated selective gating of longitudinal current by a transverse AC bias.

Conclusions:

  • Two-dimensional rectification effects in driven Brownian systems are significant.
  • Approximate models like Fick-Jacobs kinetics are insufficient for these systems.
  • Potential experimental realization in superconducting devices exists.