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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Visual System01:26

Visual System

Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision
09:29

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

Published on: February 11, 2014

Artificial vision: needs, functioning, and testing of a retinal electronic prosthesis.

Gerald J Chader1, James Weiland, Mark S Humayun

  • 1Doheny Retina Institute, USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. gchader@doheny.org

Progress in Brain Research
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Electronic retinal implants offer hope for restoring vision in patients with inherited retinal degenerations (RDs) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Advanced devices with more electrodes promise improved functional sight and quality of life.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Inherited retinal degenerations (RDs) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) cause vision loss by damaging photoreceptor cells.
  • Current treatments are limited for patients with severe vision impairment from these conditions.
  • Electronic prosthetic devices aim to restore vision by stimulating remaining retinal neurons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of an epiretinal implant in restoring visual function for patients with severe vision loss.
  • To assess improvements in real-world functional capacity and quality of life.
  • To explore the potential of future devices with increased electrode counts.

Main Methods:

  • Development and testing of an epiretinal implant with an increasing number of electrodes (16, 60+, 250+, 1000+).
  • Clinical trials involving patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and severe vision loss.
  • Assessment using standard psychophysical tests, real-world functional tasks, and patient-reported outcome questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • Phase 1 trial (16-electrode device) showed restored light perception and ability to perform simple visual tasks in RP patients.
  • Sight restoration is a gradual process requiring months of adaptation.
  • Ongoing trials with 60+ electrode devices aim for further functional improvements.

Conclusions:

  • Epiretinal implants represent a promising therapeutic approach for vision restoration in degenerative retinal diseases.
  • Future devices with higher electrode density may enable significant functional vision, including reading and facial recognition.
  • These advancements hold the potential to greatly improve object recognition, mobility, and overall quality of life for affected individuals.