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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...

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Related Experiment Videos

Tolterodine extended-release for overactive bladder.

Doreen E Chung1, Alexis E Te

  • 1Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Urology, 1300 York Avenue, Box 261, Suite F9 West, New York, NY 10065, USA. doc2010@med.cornell.edu

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extended-release tolterodine (ER) effectively treats overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms with improved tolerability compared to immediate-release formulations. This OAB treatment offers proven efficacy and safety, particularly for older men.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Pharmacology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) significantly impacts quality of life and productivity.
  • Antimuscarinic agents are the primary pharmacological treatment for OAB.
  • Tolterodine was the first antimuscarinic developed specifically for OAB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of tolterodine extended-release (ER) for OAB.
  • To compare the characteristics of tolterodine ER with immediate-release (IR) formulations.
  • To review current literature supporting tolterodine ER in specific patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on tolterodine ER and IR formulations.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic profiles and patient tolerability data.
  • Focus on efficacy and safety in older men with OAB.

Main Results:

  • Tolterodine ER provides steady drug release, lowering peak and trough levels for more constant serum concentrations.
  • The ER formulation is associated with a lower incidence of dry mouth compared to the IR version.
  • Tolterodine ER demonstrates proven efficacy and tolerability, with withdrawal rates comparable to placebo.

Conclusions:

  • Tolterodine ER is a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for overactive bladder.
  • Its pharmacokinetic profile suggests theoretical advantages in patient tolerability.
  • Recent evidence supports the use of tolterodine ER in carefully selected older men with OAB.