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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
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Exergaming in Older People Living with HIV Improves Balance, Mobility and Ameliorates Some Aspects of Frailty
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Age effects on the inter-joint coordination during obstacle-crossing.

Hsiao-Ching Yen1, Hao-Ling Chen, Ming-Wei Liu

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.

Journal of Biomechanics
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Healthy older adults increase toe clearance when crossing obstacles, showing greater joint coordination variability in the leading limb. This highlights age-related changes in gait control and provides baseline data for fall risk assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Gerontology
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Aging is associated with changes in motor control and increased risk of falls.
  • Understanding inter-joint coordination during dynamic tasks like obstacle crossing is crucial for assessing mobility in older adults.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare lower limb joint coordination and variability during obstacle crossing between healthy elderly and young adults.
  • To establish baseline inter-joint coordination data in healthy aging for future clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Kinematic analysis of lower limb joint angles and velocities during walking and obstacle crossing.
  • Calculation of phase angles (phi) and relative phase angles (RPA) to assess inter-joint coordination.
  • Measurement of deviation phase (DP) to quantify coordination variability during stance and swing phases.

Main Results:

  • Elderly adults exhibited increased leading toe-clearance but similar relative phase angle patterns compared to young adults.
  • Greater variability in inter-joint coordination of the leading limb was observed in the elderly, correlated with increased toe-clearance.
  • Inter-joint coordination patterns and variability remained unaltered during the trailing limb crossing in the elderly.

Conclusions:

  • Aging increases the variability of lower limb joint control during the leading limb phase of obstacle crossing.
  • The elderly maintain relatively consistent inter-joint coordination during the trailing limb phase, suggesting adaptation to mechanical demands.
  • Baseline coordination data in healthy aging is valuable for identifying impairments and evaluating treatments in at-risk populations.