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Related Concept Videos

The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins01:03

Single-Strand DNA Binding Proteins

For successful DNA replication, the unwinding of double-stranded DNA must be accompanied by stabilization and protection of the separated single strands of the DNA. This crucial task is performed by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. They bind to the DNA in a sequence-independent manner, which means that the nitrogenous bases of the DNA need not be present in a specific order for binding of SSB proteins to it. The binding of SSB proteins straightens single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and makes...
DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
10:11

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

Published on: July 26, 2024

Single-molecule studies of DNA replisome function.

Senthil K Perumal1, Hongjun Yue, Zhenxin Hu

  • 1414 Wartik Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-molecule techniques reveal dynamic insights into the DNA replisome, enhancing our understanding of DNA replication mechanisms. These advanced methods overcome limitations of traditional studies for a clearer picture of complex molecular machines.

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Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG
10:11

Hybrid Ensemble and Single-molecule Assay to Image the Motion of Fully Reconstituted CMG

Published on: July 26, 2024

Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase
07:37

Single-Molecule Real-Time Visualization of DNA Unwinding by CMG Helicase

Published on: September 27, 2024

Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay
17:03

Direct Observation of Enzymes Replicating DNA Using a Single-molecule DNA Stretching Assay

Published on: March 23, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • DNA replication relies on the dynamic DNA replisome, a complex of proteins coordinating leading and lagging strand synthesis.
  • Conventional ensemble methods provide limited dynamic information due to averaging of observables.
  • Understanding DNA replication mechanisms is crucial for molecular biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in single-molecule techniques applied to DNA replication.
  • To highlight how these methods provide unique insights into the dynamic processes of the DNA replisome.
  • To enhance the understanding of intricate DNA replication mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Single-molecule analyses of biomolecules.
  • Biochemical and biophysical studies of DNA replication.
  • Kinetic and structural methods (for comparison).

Main Results:

  • Single-molecule techniques overcome ensemble averaging limitations.
  • Dynamic information of biochemical pathways in DNA replication is now accessible.
  • Detailed mechanistic insights into replisome function are being uncovered.

Conclusions:

  • Single-molecule methods are revolutionizing the study of DNA replication dynamics.
  • These techniques offer unprecedented views into the complex machinery of the DNA replisome.
  • Further application promises deeper understanding of DNA replication's intricate mechanisms.