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Related Concept Videos

Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Endocrine Signaling01:45

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
Autocrine Signaling01:01

Autocrine Signaling

Autocrine signaling is one of the many signaling mechanisms that function inside multicellular organisms to carry out intercellular communication. In this type of signaling mechanism, the same cell that secretes an extracellular signaling molecule also expresses the receptors to bind and respond to that signaling molecule.
Autocrine Signaling in Macrophages
Under normal physiological conditions, autocrine signaling is essential for maintaining homeostasis. This process is well characterized in...
Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway02:54

Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway

The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction
06:01

Expression of Transgenes in Native Bladder Urothelium Using Adenovirus-Mediated Transduction

Published on: October 6, 2022

Urothelial signaling.

Lori A Birder1

  • 1University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, A 1207 Scaife Hall, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. lbirder@pitt.edu

Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The urinary bladder urothelium has specialized sensory cells that detect environmental changes and transmit signals. This review explores urothelial anatomy and cell communication in the bladder wall.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The urinary bladder urothelium, once considered a simple barrier, is increasingly recognized for its sensory functions.
  • Urothelial cells can detect physiological and nociceptive stimuli from their environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the specialized anatomy of the urinary bladder urothelium.
  • To explore potential communication mechanisms between urothelial cells and other bladder wall components.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of urothelial sensory properties.
  • Analysis of urothelial cell anatomy and potential signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Urothelial cells possess specialized sensory capabilities.
  • These cells respond to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli.
  • Potential communication pathways from urothelium to nervous and muscular systems are identified.

Conclusions:

  • The urothelium plays an active role in sensing and signaling within the bladder.
  • Understanding urothelial communication mechanisms is crucial for bladder function and dysfunction research.