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A Markov model of the Indus script.

Rajesh P N Rao1, Nisha Yadav, Mayank N Vahia

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. rao@cs.washington.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Probabilistic models reveal syntactic patterns in the undeciphered Indus script, suggesting it was a linguistic writing system. This approach aids in understanding ancient communication and deciphering the script.

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Linguistics
  • Archaeology
  • Ancient History

Background:

  • The Indus script, used by the Indus civilization (ca. 2600-1900 B.C.), remains undeciphered despite numerous attempts.
  • Over 3,800 short text samples exist, offering a rich dataset for analysis.

Observation:

  • Probabilistic models, specifically Markov chains, were employed to analyze sequential dependencies between Indus script signs.
  • The model generated new sample texts, highlighting recurring sign patterns potentially representing functional language units.

Findings:

  • Analysis revealed rich syntactic structures within the Indus script.
  • The script demonstrated the capacity to convey diverse content, differing in regions like Mesopotamia and West Asia.
  • The model successfully predicted missing or ambiguous signs on damaged artifacts.

Implications:

  • Results suggest the Indus script functioned as a linguistic writing system, not merely a symbolic one.
  • This probabilistic approach offers a quantitative method for Indus script analysis and potential decipherment.
  • The findings shed light on the communication methods and regional variations of the Indus civilization.