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Published on: February 5, 2019
Improving the quality of care for infants: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Shoo K Lee1, Khalid Aziz, Nalini Singhal
1Departments of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. sklee@mtsinai.on.ca
Background:
We developed and tested a new method, called the Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality method, for continuous quality improvement.
Methods:
We used cluster randomization to assign 6 neonatal intensive care units (ICUs) to reduce nosocomial infection (infection group) and 6 ICUs to reduce bronchopulmonary dysplasia (pulmonary group). We included all infants born at 32 or fewer weeks gestation. We collected baseline data for 1 year. Practice change interventions were implemented using rapid-change cycles for 2 years.
Results:
The difference in incidence trends (slopes of trend lines) between the ICUs in the infection and pulmonary groups was - 0.0020 (95% confidence interval [CI] - 0.0007 to 0.0004) for nosocomial infection and - 0.0006 (95% CI - 0.0011 to - 0.0001) for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Interpretation:
The results suggest that the Evidence-based Practice for Improving Quality method reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the neonatal ICU and that it may reduce nosocomial infection.
