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The moving-beam diffraction geometry: the DIAD application of a diffraction scanning probe.

Alberto Leonardi1, Andrew James1, Christina Reinhard2,3

  • 1Physical Sciences Diamond Light Source Diamond House - Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot OxfordshireOX11 0DE United Kingdom.

Journal of Applied Crystallography
|February 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Dual Imaging and Diffraction (DIAD) beamline uses a novel moving-beam diffraction geometry for precise material analysis. This technique accurately quantifies microstructure, strain, and phase changes in in situ experiments, crucial for energy and biomedical applications.

Keywords:
DIAD beamlinearea-detector diffraction-geometry calibrationdiffraction scanning probesmoving-beam diffraction geometrynearest-neighbor geometry calibration

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
  • Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials

Background:

  • Quantifying material behavior (microstructure, strain, phase) is vital for energy storage, carbon sequestration, and biomedical engineering.
  • Existing methods require multiple instruments, leading to spatial and temporal separation of data.
  • The Dual Imaging and Diffraction (DIAD) beamline at Diamond Light Source aims to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate a novel moving-beam diffraction geometry at the DIAD beamline.
  • To assess the reliability of geometry calibration and data-reduction routines for this technique.
  • To provide a quantitative assessment of the moving-beam diffraction geometry for beamline users.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized quasi-simultaneous X-ray computed tomography and X-ray powder diffraction via two independent beams.
  • Implemented an 'image-guided diffraction' mode with a scanning micrometre-sized diffraction beam.
  • Performed quantitative assessment of the moving-beam diffraction geometry calibration and data reduction.

Main Results:

  • The moving-beam diffraction geometry is most sensitive in the conventional transmission detector geometry.
  • Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror motion results in rigid translation of the beam probe without altering incident beam angle.
  • Nearest-neighbor calibration achieves accuracy comparable to self-calibration for small sample region distances.
  • Absolute error of the moving-beam diffraction geometry remains below 0.01%.

Conclusions:

  • The novel moving-beam diffraction geometry at DIAD enables precise, spatially correlated measurements.
  • This technique is reliable for studying fast-evolving and motion-susceptible processes and samples.
  • The validated geometry and calibration methods serve as a valuable reference for DIAD users.