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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Hormone Receptors01:08

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell
Hormonal Regulation01:40

Hormonal Regulation

Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

[Hormone replacement therapy in Iceland.].

J H Eliasson, L Tryggvadottir, H Tulinius

    Laeknabladid
    |August 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use became common in Iceland between 1979 and 1995, with increasing prevalence in younger birth cohorts. By 1995, half of women aged 50-55 used HRT, a significant rise from 1986.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology

    Context:

    • Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use patterns in Iceland were examined over a 17-year period.
    • Data were collected from women attending cancer screening, ensuring high participation rates (>95%).

    Purpose:

    • To investigate the trends and prevalence of HRT use among Icelandic women from 1979 to 1995.
    • To analyze HRT usage across different birth cohorts and age groups.

    Summary:

    • HRT use significantly increased across younger birth cohorts, with 52% of the youngest cohort ever using HRT.
    • Prevalence was highest in women aged 50-55, with 50% using HRT in 1995, a 5.7-fold increase since 1986.
    • A notable proportion of users had prolonged HRT use (>5 years) in the later period (1990-1995), and HRT users were more likely to smoke.

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    Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
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    Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

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    Published on: June 7, 2012

    An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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    Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
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    Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

    Published on: January 10, 2025

    Impact:

    • This study highlights a substantial increase in HRT utilization in Iceland during the late 20th century.
    • Findings provide valuable epidemiological data on HRT trends and associated behaviors like smoking.