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Diabetic Retinopathy

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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

An Assay to Detect Protection of the Retinal Vasculature from Diabetes-Related Death in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2024

Diabetic retinopathy.

Fadia T Shaya¹, Mohammad Aljawadi

¹Center on Drugs and Public Policy, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, 220 Arch Street, Baltimore, MD, USA. fshaya@rx.umaryland.edu

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)

|August 12, 2009

Summary

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness, but improved glycemic control can reduce its development and progression. Promising new therapies are emerging, though their clinical significance requires further evaluation.

Keywords:

diabetes mellitus diabetic retinopathy retinal vasculatures

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Endocrinology
Public Health

Background:

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of blindness in adults.
Numerous modifiable risk factors contribute to DR development and progression, often leading to irreversible vision loss if unmanaged.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the epidemiology, risk factors, prognosis, and economic implications of diabetic retinopathy.
To discuss the multidisciplinary approach to controlling DR and explore promising therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the Medline Ovid database.
The review focused on clinical and economic evidence related to diabetic retinopathy.

Main Results:

Improved glycemic control is crucial for reducing the incidence and progression of DR in both type 1 and type 2 DM.
Key risk factors for DR include diabetes duration, pregnancy, renal disease, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, hyperlipidemia, and antioxidant status.
Several novel drug classes, including somatostatin agonists, corticosteroids, and vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, show potential for DR therapy.

Conclusions:

Effective management of diabetic retinopathy requires a multidisciplinary approach and control of modifiable risk factors.
While promising therapies are on the horizon, their long-term clinical impact on DR progression needs further investigation.