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Related Concept Videos

Tonsillitis I: Introduction01:30

Tonsillitis I: Introduction

Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, which are two lymphoid tissue masses at the back of the throat. This condition can cause discomfort and irritation in the throat.
Etiology
Three primary contributing factors have been identified.
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Tonsillitis II: Management01:26

Tonsillitis II: Management

This lesson will focus on the different treatment options for managing tonsillitis, which typically depend on the cause and severity.
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue
07:38

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

Published on: June 14, 2020

[Peripheral T cell subsets in chronic tonsillitis patients].

Rong Luo1, Weijia Kong, Xiang Huang

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.

Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi = Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery
|August 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic tonsillitis patients exhibit immune dysregulation in peripheral blood, with altered T lymphocyte subsets. These findings may aid in assessing disease progression and clinical implications.

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Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils
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Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Published on: November 16, 2015

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue
07:38

Isolation of Tonsillar Mononuclear Cells to Study Ex Vivo Innate Immune Responses in a Human Mucosal Lymphoid Tissue

Published on: June 14, 2020

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils
08:09

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Published on: November 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Chronic tonsillitis is a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the tonsils.
  • Understanding the immune status in chronic tonsillitis is crucial for effective management.
  • T lymphocyte subsets play a key role in immune responses and disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the characteristics of T lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic tonsillitis.
  • To evaluate the clinical implications of these T cell subset alterations.
  • To correlate immune cell profiles with clinical markers in chronic tonsillitis.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to analyze various T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, naive, memory, activated, apoptotic) in peripheral blood.
  • Samples were collected from 54 chronic tonsillitis patients and 52 healthy controls.
  • Clinical data including serum Cystatin C, ASO, and ESR were recorded for patients.

Main Results:

  • Chronic tonsillitis patients showed significantly lower CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and naive T cells (CD45RA+).
  • An increased percentage of memory (CD45RO+) and apoptotic (CD95+) T lymphocytes were observed in patients.
  • Serum Cystatin C levels negatively correlated with CD4+ CD45RA+ T cells in patients.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subset analysis reveals immune dysregulation in chronic tonsillitis.
  • The observed immune alterations may serve as indicators for disease progression.
  • These findings offer valuable insights for the clinical evaluation of chronic tonsillitis patients.