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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body being...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

Current clinical evidence for proton therapy.

Michael Brada1, Madelon Pijls-Johannesma, Dirk De Ruysscher

  • 1The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey, UK. michael.brada@icr.ac.uk

Cancer Journal (Sudbury, Mass.)
|August 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proton therapy offers localized radiation but lacks clinical data proving survival or toxicity benefits over conventional treatments. Further research and prospective trials are essential to validate its efficacy and guide appropriate use.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
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Area of Science:

  • Radiation oncology
  • Medical physics

Background:

  • Proton beam therapy enables precise radiation delivery, potentially sparing healthy tissues and allowing dose escalation.
  • This approach aims to reduce treatment morbidity and improve cancer control and survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and update the evidence for proton beam therapy's clinical benefits.
  • To assess survival, tumor control, and toxicity compared to conventional treatments for various cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published peer-reviewed literature.
  • Inclusion of updated data and analysis of clinical outcomes.

Main Results:

  • No clinical data demonstrating survival, tumor control, or toxicity benefits of proton therapy over conventional treatment were found.
  • This lack of evidence spans treated tumors including skull base, ocular, prostate, and childhood malignancies.

Conclusions:

  • The current absence of evidence for proton therapy's benefit necessitates further research.
  • Future use requires well-designed prospective studies and international collaboration, guided by validated models, to demonstrate clear benefits and avoid inappropriate application.