Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's criteria,...
Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management01:28

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
A pleural effusion is the abnormal collection of fluid between the parietal and visceral pleura layers of tissue that form the lining of the lungs and chest cavity. It can occur independently or due to surrounding parenchymal diseases, such as infection, malignancy, or inflammatory conditions.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Learning Curve for Transbronchial Lung Cryobiopsy in Interstitial Lung Disease Diagnosis: A Multicenter Experience.

Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases·2026
Same author

Pleural Fluid Outperforms Plasma for Detection of Clinically Relevant Mutations in Lung Cancer-Associated Malignant Pleural Effusion.

Archivos de bronconeumologia·2026
Same author

Diagnostic performance and safety of image-guided pleural biopsy and medical thoracoscopy for undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society·2026
Same author

Beyond miRNAs: exploratory profiling of PIWI-interacting RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer-related malignant pleural effusions.

Translational lung cancer research·2026
Same author

Diagnostic yield and safety of needle-based COnfocaL LAser endomicroscopy and ultrasound-guided pleural BiOpsy in diagnosing patients with unknown pleuRAl effusion: a protocol for a mulTIcenter, randomized cONtrolled trial (COLLABORATION-II).

Respiratory research·2026
Same author

Revisiting Light's criteria: a validated blood-free triple combination matches diagnostic accuracy in over 7000 patients.

ERJ open research·2026
Same journal

Circulating Adipokines as Diagnostic and Prognostic Markers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Lung·2026
Same journal

Nebulised heparin as a treatment for lung diseases: formulation challenges and pulmonary drug delivery strategies.

Lung·2026
Same journal

Social Vulnerability Index is Associated with Increased Risk of Malignancy in Screen-Detected High-Risk Pulmonary Nodules.

Lung·2026
Same journal

Validation Approaches for Cough Monitoring Tools: A Scoping Review.

Lung·2026
Same journal

Serological Profiling and Neuro-Immune Resilience: The Dissociation Between Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies and Post-Viral Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Pediatric Asthma.

Lung·2026
Same journal

Salvinorin A Alleviates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting M2 Macrophage Polarization and Macrophage-to-Myofibroblast Transition.

Lung·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
03:22

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Tuberculous pleural effusion.

José M Porcel1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Pleural Diseases Unit, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA), Avda Alcalde Rovira Roure 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain. jporcelp@yahoo.es

Lung
|August 13, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion can be challenging due to slow microbiological tests. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels offer a rapid diagnostic clue for tuberculosis, especially in high-prevalence areas.

More Related Videos

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
03:22

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Tuberculous pleural effusion is a common extrapulmonary tuberculosis form.
  • Effusion results from a delayed hypersensitivity response to mycobacterial antigens.
  • Microbiological analyses are often negative and time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic methods for tuberculous pleural effusion.
  • To highlight the utility and limitations of adenosine deaminase (ADA) testing.
  • To discuss advanced diagnostic and management strategies for TB pleurisy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic markers for tuberculous pleural effusion.
  • Analysis of adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels in pleural fluid.
  • Evaluation of sputum induction, microscopy-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay, and conventional cultures.
  • Discussion of management strategies including anti-TB drug regimens and thoracentesis.

Main Results:

  • Pleural fluid ADA levels > 40 U/l strongly suggest TB in high-prevalence areas.
  • Low ADA levels have high negative predictive value in low-prevalence settings.
  • Microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay increases TB detection and identifies multidrug resistance.

Conclusions:

  • ADA testing is a valuable, rapid tool for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion, particularly in high-prevalence regions.
  • Sputum induction and advanced culture techniques like MODS are crucial for definitive diagnosis and drug resistance profiling.
  • A four-drug regimen and therapeutic thoracentesis are recommended for symptomatic pleural TB.