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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...

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Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
15:48

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Published on: December 15, 2014

Mapping structural changes in breast tissue disease using x-ray scattering.

Sabeena Sidhu1, Karen K W Siu, Gregory Falzon

  • 1Monash Centre for Synchrotron Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. sabeena.sidhu@sci.monash.edu.au

Medical Physics
|August 14, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) can detect supramolecular changes in breast tissue, aiding in the identification of invasive carcinoma spread beyond standard histopathology. This technique offers new insights into tissue diagnosis at the nanoscale.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Invasive carcinoma spread in breast tissue occurs at supramolecular levels, often undetectable by standard histopathology.
  • Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) analyzes nanoscale structural properties of collagen and breast tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of SAXS in characterizing supramolecular changes in breast tissue related to invasive carcinoma spread.
  • To determine if SAXS parameters can identify disease spread beyond the primary tumor site.

Main Methods:

  • Tissue biopsy samples from 56 patients undergoing breast surgery were analyzed using SAXS at 2 cm intervals up to 6 cm from the primary tumor.
  • Two SAXS parameters, integrated amorphous scatter and third order collagen axial d spacing, were measured.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in SAXS parameters were observed between the tumor center (0 cm) and distant tissues (2, 4, 6 cm).
  • No directional trends of these parameters were found across different breast regions.
  • Two-dimensional mapping of SAXS variables correlated well with histopathology diagnoses.

Conclusions:

  • SAXS shows potential for identifying areas of invasive carcinoma spread at the supramolecular level.
  • This technique may enhance tissue diagnosis by providing information beyond conventional histopathology.
  • SAXS could aid in understanding the directional spread of breast cancer disease.