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Global subjective memorability and the strength-based mirror effect in recognition memory.

Davide Bruno¹, Philip A Higham, Timothy J Perfect

¹University of Southampton, Southampton, England. davbruno@psych.umass.edu

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|August 15, 2009

Summary

Memory researchers found a "mirror effect" in memory recall, but only when overall list memorability was low. This suggests people adjust their response strategies for individual items in less memorable lists.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Human Memory Research
Experimental Psychology

Background:

Repetition typically strengthens memory, leading to more correct identifications (hits) and fewer incorrect ones (false alarms) for strengthened items.
This 'mirror effect' is common in between-list memory strength manipulations but rare in within-list manipulations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the conditions that elicit a within-list mirror effect of memory strength.
To determine how subjective memorability influences the occurrence of the within-list mirror effect.

Main Methods:

Three experiments were conducted, manipulating item repetition (once vs. thrice) within study lists.
Subjective list memorability was indirectly manipulated by varying the proportion of nonwords (Experiments 1 & 2) or item presentation duration (Experiment 3).

Main Results:

A within-list mirror effect was observed only when overall subjective memorability was low.
This occurred in Experiment 2 (higher proportion of nonwords) and with short presentation durations in Experiment 3.

Conclusions:

The within-list mirror effect appears contingent on low overall subjective memorability.
Low memorability may prompt individuals to adopt item-by-item response strategies, thereby generating the mirror effect.