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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
What is Metabolism?00:52

What is Metabolism?

Overview
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
Introduction to Metabolism01:30

Introduction to Metabolism

Metabolism encompasses all biochemical reactions in a living organism, facilitating both the breakdown and synthesis of biomolecules. These metabolic processes are categorized into catabolic and anabolic pathways, which operate in a coordinated manner to ensure energy balance and cellular function.Catabolic Pathways and Energy ReleaseCatabolic pathways involve the breakdown of complex macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins into smaller structures like monosaccharides, fatty...
Metabolic Rate01:25

Metabolic Rate

The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the energy expended at rest.
Several factors influence the...
Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...

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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Assessing Energy Substrate Oxidation In Vitro with 14CO2 Trapping
09:20

Assessing Energy Substrate Oxidation In Vitro with 14CO2 Trapping

Published on: March 23, 2022

FGFs and metabolism.

Alexei Kharitonenkov1

  • 1Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Research Laboratories, BioTechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA. a.kharch@lilly.com

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|August 18, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are crucial for development and survival. Recent research reveals their significant roles in regulating glucose, lipid, and mineral metabolism, though mechanisms require further study.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) were initially identified for their mitogenic effects on fibroblasts.
  • The FGF family comprises 22 secreted proteins, grouped by structural, not functional, similarity.
  • Historically, FGFs are recognized for roles in development, morphogenesis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, and cell survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the evolving understanding of FGF functions beyond their initial discovery.
  • To emphasize the recent identification of FGFs as key regulators of diverse metabolic pathways.
  • To underscore the ongoing research into the precise mechanisms of FGF-mediated metabolic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and recent FGF research.

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  • Analysis of studies investigating FGF involvement in metabolic processes.
  • Synthesis of findings on FGF roles in glucose, lipid, bile acid, phosphate, and vitamin D metabolism.

    • Main Results:

    • The term 'fibroblast growth factor' is functionally misleading, as only a subset promotes fibroblast growth.
    • Hormone-like FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 are implicated in regulating glucose, lipid, bile acid, phosphate, and vitamin D metabolism.
    • The specific molecular mechanisms by which these FGFs act as metabolic regulators are still under investigation.

    Conclusions:

    • FGFs possess diverse functions, extending significantly into metabolic regulation.
    • FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23 represent a critical class of metabolic regulators.
    • Further research is essential to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of FGF action in metabolism.