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Related Concept Videos

Integrins01:10

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Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Related Experiment Video

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Neonatal Pial Surface Electroporation
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beta1 integrin maintains integrity of the embryonic neocortical stem cell niche.

Karine Loulier1, Justin D Lathia, Veronique Marthiens

  • 1Center for Neuroscience, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America.

Plos Biology
|August 19, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neural stem cells (NSC) require laminin/integrin interactions for proper adhesion to the ventricular zone. Disrupting this signaling causes defects in cell division and long-lasting cortical development issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Molecular Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the developing cerebral cortex reside in the ventricular zone (VZ).
  • NSC apical processes are crucial for interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) and cell division at the ventricular surface.
  • Mechanisms of NSC adhesion to the ventricle are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of laminin/integrin interactions in NSC adhesion to the ventricular surface.
  • To determine the impact of disrupting these interactions on INM and cortical development.

Main Methods:

  • Antibody-blocking experiments in utero
  • Genetic analysis using laminin alpha2 deficient mice
  • Multiphoton time-lapse imaging and fluorescent transgene expression

Main Results:

  • Transient abrogation of laminin/integrin signaling caused abnormal INM and division orientation.
  • Laminin alpha2 deficiency led to similar defects.
  • Disruption resulted in apical process detachment, dystrophic radial glia, and neocortical layering defects.

Conclusions:

  • Laminin/integrin interactions are essential for anchoring embryonic NSCs to the ventricular surface.
  • These interactions maintain the physical integrity of the neocortical niche.
  • Transient disruptions have long-lasting consequences on cortical development.