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Updated: Jun 20, 2026
Intrathecal Application of a Fluorescent Dye for the Identification of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks in Cochlear Malformation
Published on: February 29, 2020
[Neurofibromatosis type 2 and auditory brainstem implantation]
Torbjørn Elvsåshagen1, Volker Solyga, Søren Jacob Bakke
1Avdeling for nevropsykiatri og psykosomatisk medisin, Nevroklinikken, Oslo universitetssykehus, Rikshospitalet 0027 Oslo og Institutt for psykiatri Det medisinske fakultet, Universitetet i Oslo, Norway. torbjorn.elvsashagen@rikshospitalet.no
Background:
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is a rare and severe autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in a tumour suppressor gene. This article reviews NF2 and its treatment with auditory brainstem implantation.
Material And Methods:
The review is based on the authors' experience with the disease and literature identified through a non-systematic search of PubMed.
Results:
NF2 is caused by loss-of-normal function of the tumour suppressor protein merlin. Merlin normally suppresses cell growth and proliferation. The clinical picture is dominated by neurological symptoms, caused by multiple tumours - mainly schwannomas and meningeomas. The hallmark of the disease is development of bilateral vestibular schwannomas, and the most common presenting symptom in adults is progressive hearing loss. Presenile cataract, ocular motility disorders, peripheral neuropathy and skin tumours are other common findings. The majority of patients become deaf, many patients become severely disabled and life expectancy is reduced. The goal of management is conservation of function and maintenance of quality of life. Auditory brainstem implants stimulate the cochlear nucleus directly and provide substantial auditory benefits to patients with NF2.
Interpretation:
A multidisciplinary approach in specialty centres is recommended. Management by an experienced team reduces mortality and improves outcome after surgery. Auditory brainstem implantation is an important part of the hearing rehabilitation in these patients. Emerging knowledge of the molecular disease mechanisms offers hope for new therapeutic strategies.
