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Malaria01:29

Malaria

Malaria pathogenesis in humans reflects a delicate interplay between parasite biology and host response. Clinical illness reflects a host’s immune response to the parasite’s asexual replication cycle, which is often asymptomatic in individuals with partial immunity. From the parasite's perspective, transmission between mosquito and human with minimal host pathology is evolutionarily advantageous. Among the six Plasmodium species infecting humans, P. falciparum and P. vivax dominate in global...
Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection
07:32

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection

Published on: September 1, 2023

Adjuvants for malaria vaccines.

R N Coler1, D Carter, M Friede

  • 1Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98104, USA.

Parasite Immunology
|August 21, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Subunit malaria vaccines need adjuvants for efficacy. This review details current adjuvant research and development crucial for creating effective, safe, and stable malaria vaccines.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Subunit vaccines for malaria require adjuvants to elicit protective immune responses.
  • Historically, a lack of suitable adjuvants has hindered malaria vaccine development.
  • Renewed global interest and resources are driving progress in malaria vaccine research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of adjuvant research and development for malaria vaccines.
  • To highlight the importance of adjuvants in achieving stable, safe, and immunogenic subunit vaccines.
  • To address the information gap regarding adjuvant selection and formulation for vaccine researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current adjuvant research and development.
  • Analysis of novel adjuvants in clinical and preclinical development.

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  • Discussion of formulation strategies for antigen-adjuvant combinations.

    • Main Results:

    • Several novel adjuvants are available in licensed products or advanced clinical trials.
    • Other adjuvants are progressing through earlier stages of the development pipeline.
    • Information on adjuvant selection and formulation remains a challenge for many researchers.

    Conclusions:

    • Adjuvant availability and proper formulation are critical for the success of subunit malaria vaccines.
    • Continued research and development in adjuvants are essential to overcome past barriers.
    • Bridging the knowledge gap on adjuvants will accelerate the development of effective malaria vaccines.