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Updated: Jun 20, 2026
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Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
Published on: May 23, 2025
Requirements for the development of a hand transplantation program
Chad R Gordon1, Maria Siemionow
1Department of Plastic Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. gordonc@ccf.org
Annals of Plastic Surgery
|August 21, 2009
Summary
Hand allotransplantation offers new hope, with improved immunosuppression expanding clinical use. This review details donor/recipient criteria, therapies, and complications for this complex procedure.
Area of Science:
- Surgical innovation
- Transplantation medicine
- Immunology
Background:
- Hand transplantation has been performed globally since 1998.
- Advances in immunosuppression are enhancing its clinical applicability.
- Ethical considerations are evolving, paving the way for wider adoption.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive overview of hand allotransplantation.
- To detail donor/recipient selection criteria.
- To discuss immunosuppressive therapies and potential complications.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of published hand transplant reports.
- Analysis of data from multiple international hand transplant programs.
- Synthesis of information on surgical protocols and outcomes.
Main Results:
- Over 42 hand transplants have been performed in 30 patients worldwide.
- Established criteria for donor/recipient selection exist.
- Immunosuppressive regimens and complication management are critical.
Conclusions:
- Hand transplantation is a complex procedure requiring specialized multidisciplinary teams.
- Individualized institutional protocols are essential for successful outcomes.
- Further advancements in immunosuppression may expand the feasibility of hand allotransplantation.
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