The routine use of histochemical stains in gastrointestinal pathology: a UK-wide survey

A survey was conducted into the routine use of special stains on gastrointestinal (GI) biopsy specimens in histopathology departments within the National Health Service. The aim was to compare the sole use of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining with the use of H&E and special stains, according to the biopsy site.

One hundred and sixty-seven histopathology departments in the UK were contacted using an e-mail questionnaire. Valid return rate was 55%. Sixty-eight percent of departments employ H&E only for oesophageal biopsy specimens. Gastric specimens are stained using only H&E in 47% of departments and 53% use H&E combined with special stains. Duodenal, small and large bowel biopsy specimens are mostly stained with H&E.

The results show that the routine use of special stains in GI pathology in the UK is highly variable, especially for oesophageal and gastric biopsy specimens. The literature indicates that special stains in GI specimens can enhance sensitivity and specificity for the detection of pathological abnormalities, especially metaplasia and infections. The diversity of staining practice highlights the need to provide robust and evidence-based guidelines for the routine use of special stains to ensure universal best practice.