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Plasmodesmata

Plasmodesmata

The organs in a multicellular organism’s body are made up of tissues formed by cells. To work together cohesively, cells must communicate. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells alike. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal...

Plasmodesmata

Plasmodesmata

In a multicellular organism, cells must communicate to work together in a coordinated manner. One way that cells communicate is through direct contact with other cells. The points of contact that connect adjacent cells are called intercellular junctions.
Intercellular junctions are a feature of fungal, plant, and animal cells. However, different types of junctions are found in different kinds of cells. Intercellular junctions found in animal cells include tight junctions, gap junctions, and...

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of disassembly and...

Tight Junctions

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Confocal Microscopy Analysis of Protein Sorting to Plasmodesmata in Nicotiana benthamiana

Confocal Microscopy Analysis of Protein Sorting to Plasmodesmata in Nicotiana benthamiana

Published on: November 1, 2024

beta-1,3-Glucanases: Plasmodesmal Gate Keepers for Intercellular Communication.

Amit Levy¹, Dana Guenoune-Gelbart, Bernard L Epel

¹Department of Plant Sciences; George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv, Israel.

Plant Signaling & Behavior

|August 26, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant cell connections, plasmodesmata, dynamically regulate symplasmic permeability. A newly identified beta-1,3-glucanase, AtBG_pap, is crucial for this regulation and may impact viral movement.

Keywords:

ankyrin repeats callose cell-cell communication movement protein plasmodesmata β-1,3-glucanase

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A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

A Strategy to Validate the Role of Callose-mediated Plasmodesmal Gating in the Tropic Response

Published on: April 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Plasmodesmata (Pd) are dynamic channels connecting plant cells, regulating symplasmic permeability.
Callose deposition and hydrolysis by beta-1,3-synthase and glucanase control Pd conductivity.
These changes are vital for plant development and defense.

Purpose of the Study:

Identify and characterize the first beta-1,3-glucanase associated with the plasmodesmatal complex in Arabidopsis (AtBG_pap).
Investigate the role of AtBG_pap in regulating symplasmic transport and callose levels.
Propose a model for viral cell-to-cell movement involving plasmodesmata and callose.

Main Methods:

Localization studies using GFP-tagged AtBG_pap.
Analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants lacking AtBG_pap.
Assessment of cell-to-cell movement of GFP and callose levels around Pd.

Main Results:

AtBG_pap localizes to the ER and plasma membrane, co-localizing with callose around Pd.
Mutants lacking AtBG_pap exhibit reduced cell-to-cell movement and elevated callose levels.
Findings support AtBG_pap's role in symplasmic regulation.

Conclusions:

AtBG_pap is a key component of the plasmodesmatal complex involved in symplasmic transport regulation.
AtBG_pap activity influences callose levels at plasmodesmata.
A novel model is proposed for viral movement through plasmodesmata, involving callose degradation.