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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
Adherens Junctions01:24

Adherens Junctions

Strong contact points between adjacent cells anchor them to each other, forming tissues. Such anchoring junctions are of two types –  adherens junctions and desmosomes. Adherens junctions are abundant in tissues such as  epithelium and endothelium, forming a continuous zone of adhesion called the adhesion belt. In other tissues, such as  heart muscle, they appear as clusters, linking the cells to produce coordinated heart muscle contraction.
Adherens Junctions are Dynamic
The endothelial cells...
Structure of Cadherins01:25

Structure of Cadherins

The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This diversity of cadherins...
Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles

Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
Septins01:19

Septins

Septins are protein filaments forming the cytoskeleton along with the microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and other accessory proteins. In 1971 while studying the cell division cycle in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harwell et al. first identified the septin-related genes playing a crucial role in yeast cytokinesis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these proteins localize at the budding neck as rings. These ring-like proteins were then named Septins by John Pringle, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo
07:46

Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo

Published on: October 11, 2022

The claudins.

Madhu Lal-Nag1, Patrice J Morin

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Center, MD 21224, USA.

Genome Biology
|August 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Claudins are essential tight junction proteins regulating cell barriers. Their dysfunction is linked to human diseases and cancer, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
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A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

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In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction
17:14

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

Published on: January 26, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo
07:46

Three-Dimensional Culture of Murine Colonic Crypts to Study Intestinal Stem Cell Function Ex Vivo

Published on: October 11, 2022

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters
07:47

A Proteoliposome-Based Efflux Assay to Determine Single-molecule Properties of Cl- Channels and Transporters

Published on: April 20, 2015

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction
17:14

In vivo and in vitro Studies of Adaptor-clathrin Interaction

Published on: January 26, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Claudins are tetraspan membrane proteins forming tight junctions.
  • Tight junctions regulate paracellular permeability and cell polarity.
  • The human claudin family comprises 24 members with diverse tissue-specific expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structural and functional roles of claudins.
  • To highlight their involvement in tissue integrity and disease.
  • To discuss future research directions and therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on claudin function, genetics, and disease association.
  • Analysis of data from claudin knockout mouse models.
  • Examination of claudin gene expression in various cancers.

Main Results:

  • Claudins are critical for sealing epithelial and endothelial cell sheets.
  • Extracellular loops mediate cell adhesion and regulate paracellular transport.
  • Claudin mutations are linked to human diseases; deregulation observed in cancers.
  • Knockout models demonstrate essential roles in organ integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Claudins are vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis.
  • Further research into claudin regulation and function is needed.
  • Understanding claudins may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for diseases and cancer.