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Related Concept Videos

Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Healing II: Complications01:24

Healing II: Complications

Complications during healing arise when tissue repair is altered by local or systemic factors. These changes involve abnormal collagen deposition, altered biomechanics, and reduced vascular supply, impairing restoration of normal structure and function.Loss of FunctionScar tissue differs significantly from the original tissue it replaces. In the skin, fibrosis lacks adnexal structures such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands. Their absence reduces tactile sensitivity, impairs...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation
04:43

Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation

Published on: May 23, 2025

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Susan Taylor1, Pearl Grimes, Joyce Lim

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, and the Skin of Color Center, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA.

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|August 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) affects darker skin types and can persist for years. Combination treatments with hydroquinone and retinoids show promise, but more research is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is common in Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI.
  • PIH can significantly impact quality of life and may take years to resolve.
  • Spontaneous resolution is possible but often slow, with some cases being permanent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the causes, mechanisms, and current treatments for PIH.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on PIH management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research and clinical practice in PIH treatment.
  • Outcome of a workshop discussing PIH literature and clinical approaches.

Main Results:

  • Combination products with hydroquinone and retinoids appear most beneficial for PIH.
  • Evidence-based studies specifically for PIH treatment are limited.

Conclusions:

  • More large-scale, randomized controlled trials are necessary for PIH.
  • Standardized, measurable outcomes are needed for PIH treatment studies.