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Related Concept Videos

Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Selenium and thyroid autoimmunity.

Roberto Negro1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, "V. Fazzi" Hospital, Lecce, Italy.

Biologics : Targets & Therapy
|August 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selenium (Se) supplementation may reduce inflammation and thyroid antibodies in autoimmune thyroiditis by enhancing antioxidant enzymes. Further research is needed before recommending Se for chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.

Keywords:
autoimmunityseleniumthyroid

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Selenium (Se) is a trace element crucial for selenoproteins, involved in redox regulation and thyroid hormone metabolism.
  • Selenoproteins like glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TRx) act as antioxidants, protecting cells from oxidative damage.
  • Iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO) enzymes, a class of selenoproteins, regulate thyroid hormone (T4 to T3) conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential therapeutic role of selenium (Se) supplementation in thyroid autoimmune diseases.
  • To evaluate the effects of Se supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in conditions like autoimmune chronic thyroiditis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies investigating Se supplementation in thyroid diseases, particularly autoimmune chronic thyroiditis.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding Se's impact on antioxidant enzyme activity and inflammatory markers.
  • Assessment of Se's effects on thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and ultrasound echogenicity.

Main Results:

  • Se supplementation may enhance antioxidant enzyme activity, potentially reducing thyroid inflammation.
  • Evidence suggests Se may decrease thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) titers.
  • Studies indicate Se supplementation might improve ultrasound echogenicity patterns in autoimmune thyroiditis.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium (Se) shows potential therapeutic benefits in autoimmune thyroid diseases due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Se supplementation may help reduce thyroid inflammation and specific antibody levels.
  • Further clarification is required before widespread recommendation of Se supplementation for chronic autoimmune thyroiditis.