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Related Concept Videos

DNA Helicases00:55

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation
06:53

Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Published on: April 6, 2010

H2AX: functional roles and potential applications.

Jennifer S Dickey1, Christophe E Redon, Asako J Nakamura

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. dickeyj@mail.nih.gov

Chromosoma
|August 27, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gamma-H2AX, a marker for DNA double-strand breaks, shows promise for monitoring cancer development and genotoxic stress. Its detection could aid in understanding disease progression and response to treatment.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Quantification of γH2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation
06:53

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Published on: April 6, 2010

Quantitation of γH2AX Foci in Tissue Samples
08:48

Quantitation of γH2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Published on: June 28, 2010

Proximity Ligand Assay to Localize Proteins in DNA Damage Sites
09:39

Proximity Ligand Assay to Localize Proteins in DNA Damage Sites

Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are critical DNA lesions.
  • Histone H2AX phosphorylation at serine 139 forms gamma-H2AX.
  • Gamma-H2AX serves as a sensitive biomarker for DSBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical applications of gamma-H2AX detection.
  • To discuss the role of H2AX in homeostasis and disease.
  • To highlight gamma-H2AX as a tool for monitoring genotoxic events.

Main Methods:

  • Antibody-based detection of phosphorylated H2AX (gamma-H2AX).
  • Review of existing literature on gamma-H2AX in cancer and cellular stress.
  • Analysis of H2AX's role in biological processes.

Main Results:

  • Gamma-H2AX is a reliable indicator of DNA DSB induction.
  • Potential clinical applications in cancer monitoring and treatment response.
  • H2AX plays a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease states.

Conclusions:

  • Gamma-H2AX detection is a valuable tool for identifying DNA damage.
  • Clinical utility in cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and monitoring genotoxicity.
  • Further research into H2AX's role can advance understanding of disease.