Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Synteny and Evolution

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral chromosome underwent...

Karyotyping

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene Chromosomes

Polytene chromosomes are giant interphase chromosomes with several DNA strands placed side by side. They were discovered in the year 1881 by Balbiani in salivary glands, intestine, muscles, malpighian tubules, and hypoderm of larvae Chironomus plumosus. Hence, these are also called "Salivary gland chromosomes." These are found in insects of the order Diptera and Collembola; in certain organs of mammals; and synergids, antipodes of flowering plants. Polytene chromosomes are also regularly...

Chromosome Duplication

Chromosome Duplication

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...

Lampbrush Chromosomes

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Modification and validation of the Bluebelle Wound Healing Questionnaire (WHQ) for assessing surgical site infection in wounds healing by secondary intention.

Journal of tissue viability·2025

Same author

Exploring quality of life of children with cerebral palsy and intellectual disability: What are the important domains of life?

Child: care, health and development·2017

Same author

Peer reviewed: continuing fire threat in southeast Asia.

Environmental science & technology·2011

Same author

Nucleolar NF-κB/RelA mediates apoptosis by causing cytoplasmic relocalization of nucleophosmin.

Cell death and differentiation·2011

Same author

Quality of in-hospital care for adults with acute bacterial meningitis: a national retrospective survey.

QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians·2006

Same author

gamma-2 Herpes virus post-transcriptional gene regulation.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2006

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

Published on: June 28, 2012

Progress and prospects: human artificial chromosomes.

S Macnab¹, A Whitehouse

¹Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

|August 28, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial chromosomes (ACs) offer a promising gene therapy vector solution, enabling stable expression of large genes without host genome integration. This review highlights recent advances in AC construction, purification, and delivery for novel molecular therapies.

More Related Videos

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Recombinant Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange in the AAVS1 Locus

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Recombinant Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange in the AAVS1 Locus

Published on: November 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

High-throughput Physical Mapping of Chromosomes using Automated in situ Hybridization

Published on: June 28, 2012

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Recombinant Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange in the AAVS1 Locus

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Recombinant Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange in the AAVS1 Locus

Published on: November 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Molecular Biology
Gene Therapy

Background:

Artificial chromosomes (ACs) are advanced vectors for gene therapy.
ACs can express large transgenes without integrating into the host genome.
Current challenges include AC complexity, construction, and delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current progress in artificial chromosome (AC) technology.
To discuss recent advances in AC purification, construction, and delivery.
To explore potential new molecular therapies utilizing ACs.

Main Methods:

Literature review of artificial chromosome research.
Analysis of recent advancements in AC purification techniques.
Evaluation of novel AC construction and delivery methodologies.

Main Results:

ACs demonstrate potential for stable, non-integrating transgene expression.
Significant progress has been made in overcoming technical challenges of AC development.
New therapeutic strategies leveraging ACs are emerging.

Conclusions:

Artificial chromosomes represent a powerful tool for gene therapy.
Continued research in ACs promises to enhance their therapeutic applicability.
Advances in ACs pave the way for innovative molecular treatments.