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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Continuous In-woods Production of Biochar Using a Trailer-Mounted Air Curtain Burner
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Peer reviewed: continuing fire threat in southeast Asia.

M S Hamilton, R O Miller, A Whitehouse

    Environmental Science & Technology
    |June 11, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Vast underground coal and peat fires pose a significant environmental threat. Urgent suppression is needed to prevent long-term ecological damage and pollution.

    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science
    • Geology
    • Climate Change

    Background:

    • Underground coal and peat fires are persistent sources of pollution.
    • These fires release harmful greenhouse gases and toxins into the atmosphere.
    • The long-term environmental impact of unaddressed subterranean fires is substantial.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the ongoing environmental risks posed by widespread underground coal and peat fires.
    • To emphasize the critical need for effective suppression strategies.
    • To underscore the potential for prolonged ecological harm if these fires are not managed.

    Main Methods:

    • This study is based on observational data and existing research on subterranean fires.
    • Analysis of environmental impact assessments related to coal and peat combustion.

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  • Review of historical data on fire occurrences and their geographical spread.

    • Main Results:

    • Vast numbers of underground coal and peat fires continue to burn.
    • These fires contribute significantly to air and soil pollution.
    • The environmental damage from these fires is projected to persist for years without intervention.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective suppression of underground coal and peat fires is crucial.
    • Failure to suppress these fires will lead to continued environmental degradation.
    • Immediate action is required to mitigate the long-term ecological consequences.