Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
Small-Signal Analysis of BJT Amplifiers01:21

Small-Signal Analysis of BJT Amplifiers

Small signal analysis is a fundamental approach used in electronics to understand how a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) amplifier processes signals. In the active region, the BJT is designed for linear amplification. The transistor's behavior under these conditions is governed by its instantaneous base-emitter voltage VBE, a sum of the DC bias VBE, and a small AC signal VBE, resulting in the collector current iC. Here, the collector current has a DC component and an AC component.
Reflection of Waves01:07

Reflection of Waves

When a wave travels from one medium to another, it gets reflected at the boundary of the second medium. A common example of this is when a person yells at a distance from a cliff and hears the echo of their voice. The sound waves (longitudinal waves) traveling in the air are reflected from the bounding cliff. Similarly, flipping one end of a string whose other end is tied to a wall causes a pulse (transverse wave) to travel through the string, which gets reflected upon reaching the wall. In...
BJT Amplifiers01:14

BJT Amplifiers

Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) are pivotal components in amplifier circuits, functioning as voltage-controlled current sources in their active region. This characteristic allows them to efficiently control the collector current through variations in the base-emitter voltage. Essentially, BJTs amplify power due to their ability to take a weak input signal and output a much stronger signal.
In BJT amplifier configurations, particularly in common-emitter setups, the transistor's role extends...
Echo01:06

Echo

The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case, then the...
Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy01:18

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Chiral reflection from a naturally optically active medium.

Optics letters·2009
Same author

Gating effects in Halobacterium halobium membrane transport.

The Journal of biological chemistry·1979
Same author

Relationship between proton motive force and potassium ion transport in Halobacterium halobium envelope vesicles.

Archives of biochemistry and biophysics·1979
Same author

Automated electrical impedance technique for rapid enumeration of fecal coliforms in effluents from sewage treatment plants.

Applied and environmental microbiology·1979
Same author

Rapid, single-step most-probable-number method for enumerating fecal coliforms in effluents from sewage treatment plants.

Applied and environmental microbiology·1979
Same author

Microbial metabolism and dynamic changes in the electrical conductivity of soil solutions: a method for detecting extraterrestrial life.

Applied microbiology·1974

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy
15:04

Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy

Published on: May 18, 2011

Enhanced internal reflection from an exponential amplifying region.

R F Cybulski, M P Silverman

    Optics Letters
    |August 29, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Reflectance from an amplifying medium was theoretically derived and experimentally confirmed. Amplification effects were observed near the critical angle, validating the optical gain theory.

    More Related Videos

    20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
    10:17

    20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

    Published on: July 12, 2017

    Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy on Planar Supported Bilayers
    20:00

    Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy on Planar Supported Bilayers

    Published on: October 31, 2015

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

    Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy
    15:04

    Rejection of Fluorescence Background in Resonance and Spontaneous Raman Microspectroscopy

    Published on: May 18, 2011

    20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier
    10:17

    20 mJ, 1 ps Yb:YAG Thin-disk Regenerative Amplifier

    Published on: July 12, 2017

    Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy on Planar Supported Bilayers
    20:00

    Single Molecule Fluorescence Microscopy on Planar Supported Bilayers

    Published on: October 31, 2015

    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Understanding light interaction with gain media is crucial for optical device development.
    • Previous models often simplified the gain profile, limiting applicability.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To derive and experimentally validate the reflectance of p-polarized light at an interface with an exponentially amplifying medium.
    • To investigate optical amplification phenomena near the critical angle.

    Main Methods:

    • Theoretical derivation of reflectance using electromagnetic wave theory.
    • Experimental measurement of reflectance curves using a p-polarized light source.
    • Comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental data.

    Main Results:

    • A theoretical model for reflectance from an exponentially gain medium was successfully derived.
    • Experimental reflectance curves matched theoretical predictions.
    • Significant amplification was observed in the vicinity of the critical angle.

    Conclusions:

    • The derived theory accurately describes light reflectance from amplifying media.
    • Experimental evidence confirms optical amplification near the critical angle.
    • Findings support the development of new optical gain devices.