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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Published on: August 25, 2023

When study abroad experience fails to deliver: The internal resources threshold effect.

Gretchen Sunderman1, Judith F Kroll

  • 1Florida State University.

Applied Psycholinguistics
|August 29, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Second language learners need sufficient working memory to benefit from study abroad. Without adequate working memory, learners cannot improve their L2 production skills even after immersive experiences.

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Published on: May 9, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Second Language Acquisition

Background:

  • Study abroad is a common L2 learning strategy.
  • However, not all learners benefit equally from these experiences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of working memory in L2 learning during study abroad.
  • To determine if a minimum threshold of working memory is necessary for L2 gains.

Main Methods:

  • Examined working memory capacity in L2 learners.
  • Assessed lexical comprehension and production abilities.
  • Compared learners who had studied abroad with those who had not.

Main Results:

  • Learners with insufficient working memory showed no improvement in L2 production after study abroad.
  • Working memory capacity influenced the ability to benefit from the study abroad context.

Conclusions:

  • A threshold of working memory resources is essential for L2 learners to gain from study abroad.
  • Cognitive resources significantly impact the effectiveness of immersive language learning environments.