Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Disrupted fluid homeostasis in patients with post-Covid-19 syndrome - a case series.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: Normative Comparisons and Associations with Medical and Psychological Variables.

Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·2026
Same author

A method for analyzing the ERP associated with high frequency ANT DBS offset.

Computational and structural biotechnology journal·2025
Same author

Thrombolysis and visual neglect after right hemisphere infarct during a 6-month follow-up.

Applied neuropsychology. Adult·2025
Same author

Beneficial effects of intermittent intravenous saline infusion in dysautonomic patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: a case-series.

Frontiers in neurology·2025
Same author

Shear wave elastography as a marker of anisotropy in denervated muscle tissue.

Clinical neurophysiology practice·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Visual dysfunction and computational sleep depth changes in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Tiia Saunamäki1, Mervi Jehkonen, Eero Huupponen

  • 1Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, and Department of Psychology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. tiia.saunamaki@uta.fi

Clinical EEG and Neuroscience
|September 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) experience cognitive decline, particularly in visual tasks, and reduced deep sleep. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment did not fully restore these functions.

More Related Videos

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
06:23

A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
07:11

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential

Published on: May 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is linked to sleep disturbances.
  • Cognitive deficits are frequently observed in OSAS patients.
  • The impact of OSAS on specific cognitive domains and deep sleep requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if OSAS patients exhibit cognitive decline in verbal or visual abilities.
  • To investigate the relationship between cognitive decline and changes in deep sleep.
  • To assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in mitigating these effects.

Main Methods:

  • 15 OSAS patients and 15 healthy controls underwent polysomnography with deep sleep percentage (DS%) analysis and neuropsychological testing.
  • Patients were reassessed after 6 months of CPAP treatment.
  • Cognitive functions assessed included Picture Completion, Digit Symbol, and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT).

Main Results:

  • OSAS patients showed poorer performance in visual-based cognitive tests (Picture Completion, ROCFT) and Digit Symbol compared to controls at baseline.
  • Reduced deep sleep percentage (DS%) was observed in OSAS patients across all EEG channels, with greater reduction in the right hemisphere.
  • Following CPAP treatment, cognitive deficits and reduced deep sleep persisted, particularly in visual-based tasks and right-hemisphere deep sleep.

Conclusions:

  • OSAS is associated with mild, visually-based cognitive dysfunction and reduced deep sleep, especially in the right hemisphere.
  • CPAP treatment may not fully reverse these cognitive and sleep-related deficits.
  • Further research is needed to understand the long-term neurological impact of OSAS and optimize treatment strategies.