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Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

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A method for analyzing the ERP associated with high frequency ANT DBS offset.

Herkko Mattila^1,2,3, Anna-Liisa Satomaa¹, Kai Lehtimäki⁴

¹Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland.

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

|October 27, 2025

Summary

We developed a new electroencephalography (EEG) analysis method to study high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT). This method revealed event-related potentials (ERPs) originating from the limbic system, offering insights for DBS optimization.

Keywords:

ANT DBS EEG ERP Limbic system Papez circuit Source localization

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Published on: April 15, 2015

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neuromodulation
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established therapy for various neurological conditions.
High-frequency stimulation of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) is clinically utilized.
Understanding the precise neural effects of ANT DBS is crucial for treatment optimization.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe and demonstrate a novel electroencephalography (EEG) analysis method for evaluating high-frequency ANT DBS.
To assess the feasibility of time-locked EEG analysis in response to ANT DBS.
To identify neural correlates of ANT DBS using sensor and source space analysis.

Main Methods:

Utilized a 140 Hz ANT DBS protocol with 1s on/5s off stimulation periods.
Employed artifact cleaning and averaging of on-off stimulation EEG data.
Performed sensor and source space analysis to determine event-related potentials (ERPs) time-locked to DBS offset.

Main Results:

Identified a significant ERP time-locked to the DBS stimulation offset.
Source localization revealed the primary ERP generators within the limbic system (Papez circuit).
Observed synchronous oscillations between anterior cingulate cortex sources and the ERP.

Conclusions:

Demonstrated the feasibility of time-locked EEG analysis for high-frequency ANT DBS.
The developed toolset provides novel insights into brain activity changes induced by ANT DBS.
Findings suggest potential applications in optimizing DBS therapies, including for epilepsy treatment.