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Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Physical activity and memory functions: an interventional study.

R Ruscheweyh1, C Willemer, K Krüger

  • 1Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, Muenster, Germany.

Neurobiology of Aging
|September 1, 2009
PubMed
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Engaging in physical activity benefits memory function in older adults, regardless of intensity. This improvement may be linked to increased brain gray matter volume and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Previous research indicates physical activity positively impacts cognitive function.
  • The specific effects of different physical activity intensities on episodic memory require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effects of medium vs. low-intensity physical activity on episodic memory in healthy elderly individuals.
  • To identify potential mediating mechanisms, including neurotrophic factors and brain structure changes.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-two healthy elderly participants underwent a six-month intervention involving medium-intensity, low-intensity physical activity, or a control condition.
  • Assessments included physical activity levels, aerobic fitness, episodic memory, neurotrophin and catecholamine levels, and brain MRI.

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Main Results:

  • Increased physical activity correlated positively with improved memory scores across all participants.
  • Physical activity increases were associated with greater gray matter volume in the prefrontal and cingulate cortex.
  • A trend suggested a positive association between physical activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.

Conclusions:

  • Physical activity enhances episodic memory in older adults irrespective of exercise intensity.
  • Mechanisms may involve increases in local gray matter volume and neurotrophic factors like BDNF.
  • Findings suggest physical activity is a viable strategy for preventing cognitive decline in the elderly.