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Related Concept Videos

pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Pre-mRNA Processing02:01

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps the cell...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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Messenger RNA processing in Methanocaldococcus (Methanococcus) jannaschii.

Jian Zhang1, Gary J Olsen

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|September 1, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) processing in Archaea is not well understood. This study reveals a novel endonucleolytic mRNA cleavage upstream of translation start sites in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, impacting gene expression.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) processing is crucial for gene expression across all life domains.
  • Existing data on mRNA cleavage in Archaea is limited and fragmented.
  • Understanding archaeal mRNA processing is key to deciphering gene regulation in this domain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate RNA processing upstream of protein-coding genes in the archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.
  • To characterize the nature and location of identified RNA processing events.
  • To identify sequence features or structural elements associated with these processing sites.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of RNA sequencing data from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.
  • Identification of processed RNA regions upstream of translation start sites.
  • 3'- and 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) to determine processing mechanism.
  • Sequence and structural analysis of regions surrounding cleavage sites.

Main Results:

  • 31 out of 123 examined regions showed evidence of RNA processing.
  • A significant majority (30/31) featured a cleavage site 12-16 nucleotides upstream of the start codon.
  • Processing was confirmed to be endonucleolytic via RACE analyses.
  • No recurring sequence motifs or secondary structures were found, apart from start codons and ribosome binding sites.

Conclusions:

  • Methanocaldococcus jannaschii exhibits a unique endonucleolytic mRNA processing system upstream of genes.
  • This processing mechanism differs significantly from previously described mRNA processing systems.
  • The observed mRNA processing likely regulates gene expression by altering RNA pool representation, influencing cellular protein balance.