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[A rapid evaluation of vaccination coverage in Bogotá, 2006]
Lina Morón-Duarte1, María T Espitia
1Secretaria Distrital de Salud de Bogotá, Colombia. sofismodu@yahoo.com
Insights
Infant vaccination coverage in Bogotá shows high BCG rates but challenges with timely pentavalent and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines. Addressing health system logistics and parental beliefs is crucial for improving overall vaccination rates.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
- Immunization Practices
Context:
- Bogotá's infant population (0-23 months) vaccination status was assessed.
- A descriptive, retrospective study analyzed vaccination coverage by locality.
- Tri-stage sampling was employed to evaluate vaccination status across different age subgroups.
Purpose:
- To evaluate infant vaccination coverage by cluster in Bogotá.
- To identify the primary reasons for incomplete vaccination coverage.
- To assess the timeliness of specific vaccinations, including oral polio vaccine (OPV) and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR).
Summary:
- The study surveyed 5,845 infants, finding 12.6% unvaccinated. Coverage rates were 99.1% for BCG, 93.0% for pentavalent vaccine, 93.2% for OPV, and 85% for MMR.
- Vaccination timeliness varied, with BCG at 94.3% and MMR at 69.5%.
- Key barriers to vaccination included health service logistics (59.2%), parental beliefs (27.9%), and unregistered children (12.8%).
Impact:
- Highlights the need for improved health service logistics and targeted information campaigns to address parental misconceptions.
- Identifies specific vaccines (pentavalent, MMR) requiring focused strategies to improve timely administration.
- Provides data to inform public health interventions aimed at increasing infant vaccination coverage in urban settings.
Objective:
Evaluating vaccination coverage in the infant population aged 0-23 months by cluster (locality) in Bogotá and identifying reasons for the lack of vaccination coverage.
Materials And Methods:
This was a descriptive, retrospective study. Sample size was calculated on target population (children aged 0-23 months), further divided into 0-1, 2-6, 7-11 and 12-23 month sub-groups by tri-stage sampling to ascertain newborn vaccination status, evaluate opportune oral polio vaccine (OPV) and pentavalent vaccine third dose vaccination and opportune measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination.
Results:
5,845 children were surveyed; 96.7% had immunisation cards, 75.3% were registered in the Social Protection System and 12.6% (713 out of 5,845) had not been vaccinated. Vaccination coverage by biological products was as follows: 99.1% BCG, 93.0% pentavalent vaccine, 93.2% OPV, 85% MMR. Vaccination opportunity was 5,328 for BCG (94.3%), 1 256 for OPV (88.6%), 1 112 for pentavalent (88.5%) and 1,702 for MMR (69.5%) with 33 vaccination errors (1.3%). Among the identified reasons for non-vaccination were confused health service logistics and coordination (59.2%), misguided parental beliefs (27.9%) and unregistered children (12.8%).
Conclusions:
Useful and timely vaccine coverage was evident with BCG; there were difficulties regarding recording pentavalent vaccination. Information, education and mass communication strategies must be developed to counteract reasons given for non-vaccination and to educate parents and tutors in its opportune application to increase triple-viral vaccine coverage.
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