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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water01:16

Solubility Equilibria: Ionic Product of Water

Pure water is a weak electrolyte; only a small amount ionizes into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. At any given temperature, the concentration of undissociated water is almost constant, so the ionic product of water is the product of the hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations, denoted as Kw. The square root of Kw gives the individual ion concentrations.
The ionic product of water varies with temperature, and its value is 1.0 x 10−14 at standard experimental conditions. Per Le Chatelier's...
Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base02:30

Water: A Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base

The reaction between a Brønsted-Lowry acid and water is called acid ionization. For example, when hydrogen fluoride dissolves in water and ionizes, protons are transferred from hydrogen fluoride molecules to water molecules, yielding hydronium ions and fluoride ions:
Molecular Orbital Theory II03:51

Molecular Orbital Theory II

Molecular Orbital Energy Diagrams
Introduction to Chemical Bonds01:01

Introduction to Chemical Bonds

Chemical Bonds
The electrons of the outermost energy level determine the energetic stability of the atom and its tendency to form chemical bonds with other atoms. The innermost electron shell has a maximum capacity of two electrons, but the next two electron shells can each have a maximum of eight electrons. This is known as the octet rule, which states that, with the exception of the innermost shell, atoms are most stable energetically when they have eight electrons in their valence shell, the...

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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
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Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Temperature dependent electron binding in (H2O)8.

Marcelo A Carignano1, Anis Mohammad, Sabre Kais

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. cari@purdue.edu

The Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
|September 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temperature significantly impacts water octamer electron affinity. Higher temperatures increase electron affinity due to changes in neutral cluster energy, not anion stability.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
10:28

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Computational Chemistry
  • Quantum Mechanics

Background:

  • Water clusters are fundamental to understanding water's properties.
  • Electron affinity is crucial for atmospheric and chemical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate temperature effects on water octamer electron affinity.
  • Determine how structural changes influence electron binding.

Main Methods:

  • Classical molecular dynamics simulations for conformational sampling.
  • Quantum density functional theory (DFT) for electronic structure calculations.

Main Results:

  • Water octamer transitions from solidlike to liquidlike structure with increasing temperature.
  • Increased temperature leads to larger dipole moments and higher electron affinity.
  • Vertical detachment energy increases with temperature, driven by neutral cluster energy.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature-induced structural changes significantly alter water octamer's electron affinity.
  • The observed increase in electron affinity is primarily due to the energetic cost of forming the neutral cluster at higher temperatures.