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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab01:21

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
 Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference01:25

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...
Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission

Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels. Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

UV–Vis Spectrometers

The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell. Samples for...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The modern...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
07:38

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared

Published on: January 10, 2025

Concentration-modulated absorption spectroscopy.

A J Langley1, R A Beaman, J Baran

  • 1Edward Davies Chemical Laboratories, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth SY23 1NE, Dyfed, UK.

Optics Letters
|September 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Concentration modulation significantly enhances absorption spectroscopy sensitivity, enabling direct concentration measurements. This technique, when combined with picosecond lasers, allows for precise determination of state lifetimes down to 20 picoseconds.

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Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
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Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Characterization of Biological Absorption Spectra Spanning the Visible to the Short-Wave Infrared
07:38

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Published on: January 10, 2025

Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy
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Multiplex Chemical Imaging Based on Broadband Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy

Published on: July 25, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Laser Physics

Background:

  • Absorption spectroscopy is a fundamental analytical technique.
  • Current sensitivity limits hinder precise measurements of low analyte concentrations.
  • Picosecond lasers offer high temporal resolution for dynamic measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate concentration modulation as a method to enhance absorption spectroscopy sensitivity.
  • To demonstrate the capability of direct spectroscopic concentration measurements.
  • To determine the lower limit for state lifetime measurements using this technique with picosecond lasers.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of concentration modulation in absorption spectroscopy.
  • Utilizing picosecond lasers for time-resolved measurements.
  • Correlating signal gain with sample transmittance.

Main Results:

  • Concentration modulation markedly extends sensitivity limits in absorption spectroscopy.
  • Direct spectroscopic concentration measurements are achieved for the first time.
  • State lifetimes can be determined to a limit of approximately 20 picoseconds with picosecond lasers.

Conclusions:

  • Concentration modulation is a powerful technique for improving absorption spectroscopy.
  • This method facilitates direct and sensitive concentration determination.
  • The combined approach enables high-resolution analysis of short-lived states.