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Related Concept Videos

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Induction of Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice Using the Distal Middle Artery Occlusion Technique
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Autonomic nervous dysfunction during acute cerebral infarction.

Nagato Kuriyama1, Toshiki Mizuno, Fumitoshi Niwa

  • 1Department of Neurology, National Shiga Hospital, Shiga, Japan. nkuriyam@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp

Neurological Research
|September 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Acute cerebral infarction in the supratentorial region impairs autonomic function, reducing parasympathetic activity. This autonomic dysfunction, particularly affecting the putamen or thalamus, may explain high blood pressure and tachycardia post-stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Central autonomic dysfunction can cause hypertension and tachycardia after acute cerebral infarction.
  • The mechanisms underlying these symptoms in supratentorial lesions remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate autonomic dysfunction in patients with supratentorial lesions following acute ischemic stroke.
  • To evaluate the impact of stroke location and type on autonomic regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-seven ischemic stroke patients (lacunar infarction or large-artery atherosclerosis) and 31 controls underwent clinical evaluation, lab tests, and 24-hour ECG.
  • Patients were grouped based on stroke type: Group S (supratentorial small-vessel occlusion) and Group A (large-artery atherosclerosis).

Main Results:

  • High-frequency power spectrum (HF), indicating parasympathetic activity, was reduced in all patient groups at admission (p<0.01).
  • Reduced HF persisted in Group A at 7 days; significant correlations were found between NIHSS scores and HF.
  • HF was notably diminished in Group S patients with putamen or thalamus infarction, suggesting these areas are key to central autonomic control.

Conclusions:

  • Supratentorial acute cerebral infarction is associated with reduced parasympathetic regulation.
  • These findings suggest a relative increase in sympathetic output following supratentorial strokes.