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Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
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Cellulose nanocrystals/cellulose core-in-shell nanocomposite assemblies.

Washington Luiz Esteves Magalhães1, Xiaodong Cao, Lucian A Lucia

  • 1Department of Wood & Paper Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8005, USA.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|September 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel co-electrospinning method for orienting cellulose nanocrystals in cellulose fibers. Unexpectedly, pure cellulose controls exhibited superior physical properties and crystallinity compared to the composites.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Orienting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) within a cellulose matrix is challenging.
  • Developing advanced materials with enhanced properties requires precise control over nanostructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a co-electrospinning technique for creating cellulose fibers reinforced with CNCs.
  • To investigate the effect of CNC incorporation on the physical and structural properties of cellulose fibers.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a custom co-electrospinning apparatus with concentric needles.
  • Preparation of cellulose solutions in N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
  • Utilizing CNC suspensions from sulfuric acid hydrolysis of sisal and cotton fibers as the core solution.
  • Systematic variation of flow rate ratios, shell solution flow rates, and high voltages.
  • Characterization of the resulting composite fibers using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD).

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of micrometer and submicrometer cellulose fiber assemblies.
  • Incorporation of CNCs into the cellulose matrix was achieved.
  • Surprisingly, pure cellulose controls demonstrated superior physical properties compared to the CNC-reinforced composites.
  • The crystallinity of the pure cellulose controls was also found to be slightly higher than that of the composites.

Conclusions:

  • The developed co-electrospinning technique offers a method for integrating CNCs into cellulose fibers.
  • The study highlights an unexpected outcome where CNC reinforcement did not enhance, but rather diminished, the mechanical and crystalline properties of the cellulose matrix.
  • Further research is needed to understand the interfacial interactions and processing parameters influencing composite performance.