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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...

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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
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Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

Dynamic smile analysis: changes with age.

Shyam Desai1, Madhur Upadhyay, Ravindra Nanda

  • 1Department of Craniofacial Sciences, Health Center, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030-1725, USA.

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics : Official Publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, Its Constituent Societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics
|September 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

As people age, their smiles change dynamically. Maxillary incisor display decreases, while the smile index increases, indicating a narrower vertical and wider transverse smile with reduced muscle capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Aesthetics
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • The aging process significantly impacts facial aesthetics, particularly the dynamic characteristics of a smile.
  • Understanding age-related smile changes is crucial for aesthetic dental procedures and facial rejuvenation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define age-related dynamic changes in various smile parameters.
  • To compare perioral changes from rest to smile across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Video analysis of 221 subjects across five age groups, capturing lips at rest and during maximum smile.
  • Statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Fisher's LSD post-hoc test.

Main Results:

  • A decrease in maxillary incisor display (1.5-2 mm) and an increase in smile index with age.
  • Prevalence of average smile height (78%), with high smiles rare in older groups and low smiles rare in younger groups.
  • Decreased dynamic smile changes from rest to smile, particularly after age 30-39.

Conclusions:

  • Establishes age-related dynamic norms for smile aesthetics.
  • Aging leads to a vertically narrower and transversely wider smile.
  • Diminished muscle capacity contributes to reduced smile dynamics in older individuals.