Mycobacterium malmoense: an underestimated nontuberculous mycobacterium

Area of Science:

• Medical Microbiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pulmonology

Background:

• Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasingly recognized globally.
• Mycobacterium malmoense is a less common NTM species, but its incidence has risen, particularly in Northern Europe since 1980.
• Pulmonary involvement is the most frequent presentation of M. malmoense infections.

Observation:

• A case report of Mycobacterium malmoense infection is presented in a 53-year-old Caucasian male.
• The patient likely had underlying diseases contributing to the infection, a common feature in M. malmoense cases.
• The clinical presentation was primarily pulmonary.

Findings:

• Mycobacterium malmoense infections are rare compared to other NTMs.
• There is an observed increase in M. malmoense infections, especially in specific geographic regions.
• Underlying diseases are frequently associated with M. malmoense infections.

Implications:

• This case highlights the importance of considering M. malmoense in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infections, especially in endemic areas.
• Increased awareness and surveillance for M. malmoense are warranted due to its rising incidence.
• Effective treatment regimens typically involve a combination of antibiotics such as rifampicin (or rifabutin), ethambutol, and clarithromycin.