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Related Concept Videos

Competition02:34

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When organisms require the same limited resources within an environment, they may have to compete for them. Competition is a net-negative interaction. Even if two competing individuals or populations do not interact directly, the overall fitness of both competitors is lowered as a result of not having full access to the limited resource.Intraspecific competition, which occurs between individuals of the same species, serves as a natural mechanism for regulating population size. Too much...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation to Measure Set-Specific Capture, a Consequence of Distraction While Multitasking
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Published on: August 29, 2018

Extinction: a window into attentional competition.

M Jane Riddoch1, Sarah J Rappaport, Glyn W Humphreys

  • 1Behavioural Brain Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. M.J.Riddoch@bham.ac.uk

Progress in Brain Research
|September 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extinction, a disorder affecting attentional selection, can be improved by various factors. Both bottom-up and top-down influences, including grouping and working memory, aid recovery from this condition.

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

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Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Extinction is a disorder of visual attention where patients fail to process stimuli in one hemispace when presented with competing stimuli.
  • This condition arises from an imbalance in attentional selection, often following brain injury, leading to inefficient processing in the damaged hemisphere.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing recovery from extinction.
  • To explore the implications of these factors for functional and neural theories of attentional selection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on extinction and attentional selection.
  • Analysis of bottom-up factors (e.g., visual grouping, Gestalt properties, lexical identity, action relations) and top-down factors (e.g., working memory).
  • Consideration of action programming and its influence on perceptual processes.

Main Results:

  • Extinction recovery is modulated by low-level visual grouping and higher-level factors like stimulus identity and action relations.
  • Top-down factors, such as working memory, also facilitate recovery.
  • Non-spatial extinction and the related phenomenon of anti-extinction (improved reporting with dual items) are discussed, with grouping playing a role in both.

Conclusions:

  • Extinction is a crucial disorder for understanding attentional selection mechanisms.
  • Grouping, both visual and temporal, is a significant factor in extinction and anti-extinction.
  • Attentional selection is influenced by a complex interplay of bottom-up, top-down, and action-related processes.