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A protonmotive force drives bacterial flagella.

M D Manson, P Tedesco, H C Berg

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
    |July 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary

    Streptococcus strain V4051 motility depends on glucose. Its flagella are driven by protonmotive force, enabling movement influenced by chemical attractants and ion gradients.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Cellular Biology
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Streptococcus strain V4051 exhibits complex motility patterns, including 'runs' and 'twiddles'.
    • Motility is dependent on nutrient availability, specifically glucose.
    • External stimuli like electrical potential and pH gradients can induce motility.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanism driving Streptococcus strain V4051 motility.
    • To determine the role of protonmotive force in flagellar function.
    • To understand the influence of chemoattractants and ion gradients on bacterial movement.

    Main Methods:

    • Observation of Streptococcus strain V4051 motility under varying conditions (glucose presence/absence, ion gradients, chemoattractants).
    • Induction of motility using valinomycin in potassium-free media.
    • Analysis of motility responses to electrical potential and pH changes.

    Main Results:

    • Motility ceases upon glucose deprivation and is restored by imposed electrical or pH gradients.
    • Valinomycin addition to starved cells in potassium-free medium induces vigorous 'twiddling'.
    • Chemoattractants transiently suppress 'twiddling' and promote 'runs' in both glucose-fed and starved cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The flagella of Streptococcus strain V4051 are demonstrably driven by protonmotive force.
    • Bacterial motility is finely tuned by environmental cues and ion flux.
    • Protonmotive force serves as a universal energy source for bacterial flagellar motors.

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