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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices
06:36

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: February 5, 2015

Pathogenic CD8(+) T cells in multiple sclerosis.

Manuel A Friese1, Lars Fugger

  • 1Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Klinische Multiple Sklerose-Forschung, Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. manuel.friese@zmnh.uni-hamburg.de

Annals of Neurology
|September 11, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CD8(+) T cells, often overlooked in autoimmunity, are increasingly implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Research suggests these cells, interacting with MHC class I, may directly damage central nervous system cells in MS.

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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices
06:36

An Ex vivo Model of an Oligodendrocyte-directed T-Cell Attack in Acute Brain Slices

Published on: February 5, 2015

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
09:01

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Lymphocyte Infiltration in Central Nervous System during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: November 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Autoimmunity

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases traditionally linked to CD4(+) T cells and MHC class II alleles.
  • CD8(+) T cells and MHC class I associations were largely overlooked in autoimmunity research.
  • Recent findings highlight CD8(+) T cells' potential role in diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence supporting a role for CD8(+) T cells in MS pathogenesis.
  • To explore why CD8(+) T cells have been historically ignored in autoimmunity research.
  • To discuss the implications of CD8(+) T cell involvement in MS treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and research findings on T cell populations in MS.
  • Analysis of genetic associations with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II alleles in autoimmune diseases.
  • Examination of cellular composition in MS lesions and therapeutic trial outcomes.

Main Results:

  • MS shows associations with MHC class I alleles, unlike many other autoimmune diseases.
  • MS lesions exhibit a predominance of CD8(+) T cells.
  • CD8(+) T cells are effector cells capable of directly damaging central nervous system target cells.
  • Clinical trials targeting CD4(+) T cells or related cytokines showed limited benefit in MS, unlike broader T cell depletion therapies.

Conclusions:

  • CD8(+) T cells are increasingly recognized as significant players in MS pathogenesis.
  • The direct cytotoxic potential of CD8(+) T cells offers a new perspective on MS mechanisms.
  • Further investigation into CD8(+) T cell-targeted therapies for MS is warranted.