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Related Concept Videos

Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
08:46

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

Published on: July 26, 2018

Nucleoside modification with boron clusters and their metal complexes.

Blazej A Wojtczak1, Agnieszka B Olejniczak, Zbigniew J Lesnikowski

  • 1Institute for Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biological Chemistry, Lodz, Poland.

Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry
|September 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New methods synthesize nucleoside-borane cluster conjugates using click chemistry and dioxane ring opening. These advances expand the availability of these compounds for novel applications in various scientific fields.

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Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

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Last Updated: Jun 20, 2026

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
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Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

Published on: July 26, 2018

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
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Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

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Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange
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Synthesis of Triazole and Tetrazole-Functionalized Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks Through Post-Synthetic Ligand Exchange

Published on: June 23, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Nucleosides are fundamental building blocks in nucleic acids.
  • Borane clusters and metallacarborane complexes offer unique chemical and physical properties.
  • Conjugating these entities can lead to novel materials with potential applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present general methods for synthesizing nucleosides modified with borane clusters and metallacarborane complexes.
  • To expand the toolkit for creating novel nucleoside conjugates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (click chemistry) for conjugation.
  • Employing a dioxane ring opening strategy in oxonium metallacarborane derivatives to tether the metallacarborane group to the nucleoside aglycone.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful synthesis of nucleoside-borane cluster conjugates.
  • Established two distinct and effective methodologies for creating these complex molecules.
  • Broadened the accessibility of these specialized chemical entities.

Conclusions:

  • The presented methodologies provide versatile routes for synthesizing nucleoside-borane cluster and metallacarborane conjugates.
  • These advances enhance the availability of these compounds for further research and development.
  • Opens new avenues for exploring applications of these conjugates.